Most of the people in the hilly region are involved in agriculture. They do livestock farming. There are many effects affecting the ecosystem and to minimize these effects many steps have been taken. Some of the, mitigating measures to effects on hill ecosystem are as follows:
a) Protection of forest
Deforestation has caused a great effect on the forest and its resources. There is a need of raising awareness among the people on the Importance of forests. The destruction of forests should be controlled. If people have to cut down trees, they should use old trees. People should use alternative sources of energy. People should practice afforestation.
b) Conservation of land
People use a large area of land to build up cottages, industries, etc. which degrades the quality of land People should not build houses, industries, etc. near fertile land, where agriculture is being carried out. Framers should control the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides.
c) Control of livestock farming
People should know the effects of overgrazing and try to minimize it. People should not rear their cattle in one area. They should graze their cattle in a limited area.
d) Chemical Fertilizer and its control
People should be encouraged to use organic fertilizers rather than chemical fertilizers. People can make organic fertilizers rather than chemical fertilizers. People can make organic fertilizers and encourage others to make use of it.
e) Solid waste management system
There is a need for proper dumping of solid waste in this region. Biodegradable waste can be used for compositing. They can apply the 3R principle to manage waste. Solid waste can be properly dumped in a sanitary landfill site.