Population management refers to the proper distribution of the population according to the availability of means and resources in a certain area. We should pay proper attention to means and resources for the management of the population. The imbalance between the population size and natural resources creates problems. In other words, Population management means to maintain the number of people for the mobilization of available resources and try to get maximum benefits.
Natural methods of contraception
Natural methods of contraception mean the process of avoiding birth by adopting the benefits of natural and biological phenomena related to adopting the benefits of natural and biological phenomena related to human reproduction. This method does not recommend any artificial human reproduction. This method does not recommend any artifact and man-made devices to be used. In general, one ovum is released each month alternatively from each side of the ovary. The sperm deposits in the fallopian tube after the sexual intercourse can service only 5 to 7 days but its capacity to fertilize ovum remains for 3 days only. If the ovum is present in the fallopian tube, there is a chance of fertilization with sperm. If the ovum is not present in the fallopian tube, fertilization is impossible. Some of the common methods of the natural method of contraceptive are as follows:
A) Calendar method
This is also called the 'rhythm method'. According to this method, sexual intercourse is avoided during an unsafe period. The unsafe period is defined as the days of 10 to 19 of the mensuration cycle. Sexual intercourse is done only in a safe period i.e. 1 to 9 and 21 to 28 days of mensuration cycle regularly run in the interval of 28 days.
B) Withdrawl method
This is also called the coitus interrupt method. According to this method, sexual intercourse is done without using any devices but sperm is ejaculated outside by taking the penis out from the vagina. In such a situation, SPerms cannot meet ovum, and conception is avoided.
C) Cervical mucus method
It is also known as the mucus testing method done by females. There are two types of mucus secreted by the cervix is fertile and infertile stages. Thick, slippery, and viscous mucus is discharged when an ovum is present in the fallopian tube. If the intercourse takes place during this time, women can be pregnant. Thin and watery mucus prevails that there is no active ovum and therefore it is safe for sexual intercourse. In order to find out the nature of mucus, she should wash her hands properly and insert her fingers into the vagina to take a little cervical mucus out. She can test the thickness of mucus by keeping it between the forefinger and the thumb.
D) Breastfeeding method
During breastfeeding, the hormone produced from the pituitary gland for the stimulation of the breast and secretion of milk (i.e. Prolactin hormone) disturbs the ovulation process from the ovaries. As a result, there is less chance of conception. Therefore, if there is a longer lactation period, lesser the chance of conception. Similarly, if there is a lesser lactation period, the higher the chance of conception.
E) Basal body temperature method (BBT method)
During the period of ovulation, the boy's temperature is raised slightly in females. It is either felt or measured by the thermometer for confirmation. This period is regarded as unsafe and conception is prevented by avoiding sexual intercourse during this period.