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Write about pertussis/ 100-day cough/ Whooping cough

March 2, 2021

 

whooping coughWhooping cough, also known as pertussis or the 100- day cough, In (नेपाली : लहरे खोकी) is a serious respiratory infection caused by a type of a bacteria called Bordetella pertussis ( Gram Negative Bacteria). The infection causes violent, uncontrollable coughing that can make it difficult to breath. Pertussis is airborne disease arrived in winter an spring season. It mainly affects infant and children .

Infectious Agent:
Bordetella pertussis ( Gram Negative Bacillus, capsulated or non- capsulated produces Exotoxin and Endotoxin)

Mode of Transmission:

  • Direct contact
  • Droplets

Stages of Whooping cough:

  • Catarrhal stage:
    In the early catarrhal stage, pertussis
    is highly contagious, with a secondary attack rate of
    up to 90% among non-immune household contacts.
    Untreated patients may transmit the infection for
    three weeks or more following the onset of typical
    coughing attacks, although communicability.
  • Paroxysmal stage:
    The paroxysmal stage is marked
    by more frequent and spasmodic coughing, and it
    is during this stage when the classic whoop can be
    heard (but not always present).
  • Convalescent stage:
    The convalescent stage is
    marked by less frequent and less severe coughing.

Incubation period:
3-12 days

Infective stage:
Catarrhal stage

Infective material:

  • Nasopharyngeal and bronchial secretions- Droplet infection and Direct contact.
  • Freshly contaminated fomites.

sign and symptoms:

  • vomiting.
  • Headache.
  • blue or purple skin around the mouth.
  • dehydration.
  • low-grade fever.
  • breathing difficulties.

Complication:

  • Hernia.
  • weight loss.
  • pneumonia – an infection of the lungs.
  • fits (seizures).
  • kidney problems.
  • brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen reaching the brain.
  • death – although this is very rare.

Preventative measures:

  • Cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing.
  • Wash your hand and use sanitizer.
  • Use Mask ( Masks help to stop the spread of droplet)

Treatment:
Diphtheria (DPT) vaccine.

 

by Bipina Poudel

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