Write about pertussis/ 100-day cough/ Whooping cough

 

Infectious Agent:
Bordetella pertussis ( Gram Negative Bacillus, capsulated or non- capsulated produces Exotoxin and Endotoxin)

Mode of Transmission:

• Direct contact
• Droplets

Stages of Whooping cough:

• Catarrhal stage:
  In the early catarrhal stage, pertussis
  is highly contagious, with a secondary attack rate of
  up to 90% among non-immune household contacts.
  Untreated patients may transmit the infection for
  three weeks or more following the onset of typical
  coughing attacks, although communicability.
• Paroxysmal stage:
  The paroxysmal stage is marked
  by more frequent and spasmodic coughing, and it
  is during this stage when the classic whoop can be
  heard (but not always present).
• Convalescent stage:
  The convalescent stage is
  marked by less frequent and less severe coughing.

Incubation period:
3-12 days

Infective stage:
Catarrhal stage

Infective material:

• Nasopharyngeal and bronchial secretions- Droplet infection and Direct contact.
• Freshly contaminated fomites.

sign and symptoms:

• vomiting.
• Headache.
• blue or purple skin around the mouth.
• dehydration.
• low-grade fever.
• breathing difficulties.

Complication:

• Hernia.
• weight loss.
• pneumonia – an infection of the lungs.
• fits (seizures).
• kidney problems.
• brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen reaching the brain.
• death – although this is very rare.

Preventative measures:

• Cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing.
• Wash your hand and use sanitizer.
• Use Mask ( Masks help to stop the spread of droplet)

Treatment:
Diphtheria (DPT) vaccine.