In transformer for ideal case, Input energy = output energy. This condition is violated due to energy loss in the transformer by following:
- wastage of energy due to resistance of winding.
- wastage of energy due to heating effect.
- wastage of energy due to leakage of field lines.
Although transformers are very efficient devices, small energy losses do occur in them due to four main causes:
- Resistance of windings – the low resistance copper wire used for the windings still has resistance and thereby contribute to heat loss
- Flux leakage – the flux produced by the primary coil may not be all linked to the secondary coil if the design of the core is bad.
- Eddy currents – the changing magnetic field not only induces currents in the secondary coil but also currents in the iron core itself. These currents flow in little circles in the iron core and are called eddy currents. The eddy currents cause heat loss. The heat loss, however, can be reduced by having the core laminated.(thin sheets of soft iron insulated from one another). (See image below)
- Hysteresis – The msgnetization of the core is repeatedly reversed by the alternating magnetic field. The repeating core magnetization process expends energy and this energy appears as heat. The heat generated can be kept to a minimum by using a magnetic material which has a low hysteresis loss. Hence, soft iron is often chosen for the core material because the magnetic domains within it changes rapidly with low energy loss.
1. Use of low resistance wire for the winding of the coil. 2. Heat loss due to eddy current can be reduced by the lamination of the iron core.Multiply the voltage in volts by the current in amps of the secondary of the transformer. Record the figure. Subtract the secondary power from the primary power. The answer equals your power loss.When energy is transformed from one form to another, or moved from one place to another, or from one system to another there is energy loss. ... This means that when energy is converted to a different form, some of the input energy is turned into a highly disordered form of energy, like heat.
- Iron Losses.
- Hysteresis Loss.
- Eddy Current Loss.
- Copper Loss Or Ohmic Loss.
- Stray Loss.
- Dielectric Loss.