The transformer is based on two principles:
- Input energy is equal to output energy.
- Voltage is directly proportional to the number of turns of wire in a coil.
The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between two circuits which is linked by a common magnetic flux. A basic transformer consists of two coils that are electrically separate and inductive, but are magnetically linked through a path of reluctance.A transformer consists of two electrically isolated coils and operates on Faraday's principal of “mutual induction”, in which an EMF is induced in the transformers secondary coil by the magnetic flux generated by the voltages and currents flowing in the primary coil winding.
A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction, i.e. whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an emf is induced in the neighbouring coil. Hysterisis loss Loss of energy in magnetising and demagnetising the core of transformer in every cycle.Basically a transformer consists of two inductive coils; primary winding and secondary winding. The coils are electrically separated but magnetically linked to each other. When, primary winding is connected to a source of alternating voltage, alternating magnetic flux is produced around the winding.
Transformers generally have one of two types of cores: Core Type and Shell Type. These two types are distinguished from each other by the manner in which the primary and secondary coils are place around the steel core.A transformer is not designed to convert AC to DC or DC to AC. The transformer can step-up or step -down current. A transformer that increases the voltage from the primary to secondary is called a step-up transformer.
- Step Up Transformer and Step Down Transformer.
- Three Phase Transformer and Single Phase Transformer.
- Electrical Power Transformer, Distribution Transformer and Instrument Transformer.
- Two Winding Transformer and Autotransformer.
- Outdoor Transformer and Indoor Transformers.
- Oil Cooled and Dry Type Transformer.